These haemodynamic changes were confirmed in patients with pulmonary hypertension with MRI. 3 Similar to our patient, the reported cases have backgrounds of pulmonary hypertension, which can probably explain the turbulent flow. 2 The smoke-like appearance with turbulent flow has been previously described in a limited number of patients with pulmonary hypertension. The appearances resemble a puff of smoke, a term used by the cardiologists to describe slow flow in echo. While bolus-tracking technique aims to maximise contrast in the vessel of interest, early scanning may lead to incomplete mixing of contrast and blood in the vessels distal to the target vessel, leading to suboptimal opacification. In our case, despite the bolus-tracking method, there was inadequate scanning time delay resulting in suboptimal enhancement of the pulmonary arteries. Physiological and pathological processes may alter the contrast kinetics resulting in suboptimal opacification of the vessels. However, ultrasound used in medical practice is typically 1,000,000 Hz (1 Megahertz) or greater. The frequency of ultrasound is by definition, any frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. 1 These include technical problems caused by improper bolus timing, respiratory motion artefact, streak artefact, patient body habitus and misinterpretation of normal bronchovascular anatomy. The definition of ultrasound is simply the vibration of sound with a frequency that is above the threshold of what humans can hear. The CTPA was repeated in the resting expiratory position with more prolonged time delay (9 s), showing homogeneous opacification of the pulmonary arteries and excluding pulmonary embolism ( figure 2).Ī number of diagnostic pitfalls have been described in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism on CT. Turbulent flow artefact leading to suboptimal opacification of lobar and segmental pulmonary arteries was suspected. However, on further evaluation by specialist chest radiologist, it was noted that despite optimal opacification of the pulmonary trunk, there was layering of contrast in the lobar pulmonary arteries with a ‘smoke-like’ appearance ( figure 1A,B). Initially, the reporting radiologist concluded that the CTPA was positive for acute pulmonary embolism. There was background CVID-related bronchiectasis and left lower lobe collapse ( figure 1D). This revealed a well-opacified pulmonary trunk (506 HU) with multiple filling defects in the main and lobar pulmonary arteries ( figure 1A–C). The CTPA was performed during inspiration using bolus-tracking technique (60 mL of non-ionic contrast with a 100 mL saline chaser at 4.5 mL/s with a time delay of 6 s). He was investigated with a CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolus (PE). This work took the archaeologists over a decade, but the artifacts continue to help historians better understand life in Egypt during the era of King Tut.A 37-year-old man with a background of bronchiectasis secondary to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and pulmonary hypertension presented with dyspnoea, tachycardia and hypoxia. meaning that entering any water beneath the worlds Dungeon-side Ocean will. Carter led a team of archaeologists in cataloging the items from King Tut’s tomb. The breath meter drains faster in the Abyss, with each deeper layer applying. The tomb also included more than 5,000 artifacts, including perfumes and oils, jewelry, statues, and even toys from Tut’s childhood. Murals on the wall of the tomb told of King Tut’s funeral and journey to the afterworld. King Tut’s tomb had been undisturbed since he was buried around 1323 B.C.E. In 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter came upon the tomb of the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamen, more commonly known as King Tut. TPR is not reliable in the presence of prior infarcts or significant artifacts in several myocardial segments since both phenomena distort mean epicardial. The tomb of King Tut is perhaps the most famous. As a result, the tombs of ancient Egypt provide a wealth of artifacts that give insight into the culture. Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife and buried the dead with things they would need in order to live on in the afterlife. Many ancient cultures did not have a written language or did not actively record their history, so artifacts sometimes provide the only clues about how the people lived.Īrtifacts have provided essential clues about life in ancient Egypt. Archaeologists excavate areas in which ancient cultures lived and use the artifacts found there to learn about the past. The term can also be used to refer to the remains of an object, such as a shard of broken pottery or glassware.Īrtifacts are immensely useful to scholars who want to learn about a culture. Artifacts include art, tools, and clothing made by people of any time and place. An artifact is an object made by a human being.
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